Table 2 List of textbooks and analysis

Glasper, A., McEwing, G. & Richardson J., (editors) (2009) Foundation studies for caring. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan

Diversity (541)

The book has 740 pages and it is divided in 4 parts. Relevant chapters are “Ethical Legal and Professional Issue” (chapter 4) “Communication” (chapter 5) and “Culture” (chapter 6). The chapter on culture also mentions about ethnicity and culture. Chapter 26 (Mental Health) has brief mention about diversity, while chapter 33 (HIV and Infectious disease management) mentions marginalisation.

Culture (94–104, 674)

Ethnicity (98, 184, 601)

Marginalised (671)

Barker, P. (2009). Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Craft of Caring. (2nd Ed). UK: Hodder Arnold.

Mindfulness (384, 385–386, 389, 610)

The book has 757 pages with a comprehensive list of contents and a very comprehensive index of 16 pages.

Sympathy (323)

It is divided in 10 sections, and a total of 84 chapters. It contains a whole chapter on “Developing Empathy” (chapter 37). A whole chapter on “Mindfulness” (chapter 45). A whole chapter on “Services for Asylum Seekers and Refugees” (chapter 59). A whole section on “Legal Ethical and Moral Issue” (section 8).

Culture (72, 201–202, 610, 642)

Ethnicity (636–639, 641–642, 722–723)

Multicultural (359–360, 508, 511–513, 640–641)

Empathy (151, 153, 281–282, 321–329, 323, 331,)

Cultural competence (510–511, 635, 638—641)

Values (13, 609–612, 732)

Norman, I and Ryrie (2013). The Art and Science of Mental Health Nursing. Maidenhead: McGraw Hill

Compassion (665, 270–271, 307–398)

The book has 389 pages and it is divided in 6 parts and 42 chapters.

Cross cultural (389–390)

Chapter 12 deals with “Therapeutic relationships” and chapter 13 with “Creating therapeutic environments”. Compassion, ethnicity and empathy are briefly mentioned in chapter 2 (mental disorder). Cultural sensitivity is mentioned in chapter 9 (the service context and organization of mental health care) and chapter 32 (older people with functional mental health problems). Immigration and Racism in chapter 8 (the social policy context of mental health care). Dignity is dealt in chapter 11 (the ethic of mental health nursing). Empathy is also mentioned in chapter 17 (Assessing and managing the risk of self-harm and suicide). Ethnicity is mentioned in chapter 32. Cross-cultural working is mentioned in chapter 25 (working with families and carers). Compassion (diagram dealing with quality of nursing in care) is mentioned in chapter 42 (Oder People are the Future).

Ethnicity (29, 492)

Empathy (272, 308)

Compassionate caring (171–182)

Dignity (160–162)

Bach, S. and Grant, A. (2009). Communication and Interpersonal Skills for Nurses. Poole: Learning Matters.

Compassion (43)

The book is 184 pages and contains 8 chapters. The list of contents only contains the titles of the chapters and it is not broken down in more extensive list of concepts within the chapters unlike the other books examined.

Transcultural nursing (125)

Diversity (38, 141–142, 145–151, 156-163

Culture (129, 141, 168)

Ethnicity (129, 168, 147, 137, 151–152)

Chapter 2 (Key Concepts) deals extensively with suffering, empathy, diversity and healthy relating through a number of reflective activities. It also provides references for further reading in compassion and the website, compassionate mind.

Multicultural (146, 151–156, 160, 125, 134–136)

Empathy (37–38, 53–56, 59, 168)

Cultural competence (125, Page 152, Page 154–155)

Chapter 4 (Safe and Effective Practise) deals with nursing-patient relationships. Chapter 5 (Understanding Potential Barriers) deals with the emotional context of communicating. Chapter 7 (The Environmental Context) deals with multidisciplinary, team practise and Interprofessional working. Chapter 8, (Population and Diversity Context) deals with migration, diversity, culture, communicating with cultural diversity, multicultural Britain, cultural competence, transcultural nursing. The book has a useful glossary, which contains all the terms mentioned above.

Dignity (10)

Marginalised (162–163)

Suffering (32–33, 170)

Burnard, P. and Gill, P. (2009). Culture, Communication and Nursing: A Multicultural Guide. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd.

Transcultural nursing (27, 158, 159, 160, 166)

The book has 181 pages; it is divided in 8 chapters. The whole book discusses culture, communication and nursing. There are no references to compassion nor to other compassion related terms we used except empathy.

Ethnicity (14)

Empathy (52, 153–154,)

Schultz, J.M. and Videbeck, S.L. (2008) Lippincott’s Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Plans. (8th Ed) Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Culture (13–15)

The book has 439 pages and it is divided in three parts. Part 1 – using the manual; Part 2 – key consideration in mental health nursing and Part 3 contains 13 sections, with each sections containing a number of care plans.

Under sub-section titled culture, notions of cultural background, cultural awareness, cultural differences in needs, cultural orientation, dominant and minority cultural, ethno-centricity, cultural differences, obstacles to cross-cultural care, delivering cultural sensitive care are discussed in 4 columns equivalent to two pages. There is no mention of compassion.

Nash, M (2010) Physical health and well-being in mental health nursing: clinical skills for practice Maidenhead: Open University Press

Culture (62, 139)

The book has 222 pages and it contains 10 chapters. The book contains two small paragraphs on inequalities in health (chapter 1). Cultural preferences form one of the components on a diagram of physical assessment (chapter 4). Three small paragraphs deal with cultural and religious factors (chapter 7).

Marginalised (7)

Slade, M. (2009). Personal Recovery and Mental Illness: A guide for mental health professionals. Cambridge University Press

None

The book has 275 pages and it is divided in 4 sections and 26 Chapters. Although this book has a chapter on social inclusion and a section on diversity models and discriminations, neither of these address the cultural perspective. It also has a page on religion. The book contains a list of values expected from mental health workers but nothing about compassion included.

Clarke. V. and Walsh, A. (2009) Fundamentals of Mental Health Nursing. Oxford University Press

Transcultural nursing (170–171)

The book has 289 pages and it contains 10 chapters. No relevant concepts are included in the contents list. Chapter 1 (Becoming a Student Mental Health Nurse) deals with values, believes and the ethical code of nursing. Values and attitudes are also addressed in chapter 10 (On Becoming a Qualified Mental Health Nurse). Empathy is mentioned in chapter 2 (Fundamental Skills of Mental Health Nursing) and chapter 5 (The Nursing Care of an Adult in Crisis with Mental Health Problems). Multiculturalism is dealt with it in a clinical scenario in chapter 7 (The Nursing Care of Older People with Mental Health Problems) and chapter 8 (Mental Health Nursing in the Community).

Diversity (280)

Multicultural (167, 187–189)

Empathy (28–29, 105)

Values (4, 7–8, 277)

Diversity appears as a definition in the glossary. Transcultural nursing is mentioned in a clinical scenario in Chapter 7.

Benthall, R.P., 2003, Madness explained London: Penguin

Culture (130–131, 139, 519–520, 180, 140, 356, 357, 214–214, 236–237, 300)

The book has 640 and it is divided in 4 parts and has 19 chapters. The index is highly populated with author’s names and fewer concepts and terms. It may therefore contain cultural and compassion elements in the pages describing the works of the various theorists (unlikely). Chapter 6, titled “Them and Us”, contains a section entitled “Cross cultural differences and symptoms”. It also contain a section on “culture and psychiatric illness”. Chapter 9 (Madness and Emotion) covers briefly culture and emotions. Chapter 10 (depression and pathology of self) covers briefly culture and depression. Chapter 12 (abnormal attitudes) covers briefly culture and delusion. Chapter 14 (the illusion of reality) covers briefly culture and hallucinations.

Multicultural (130–133)

Empathy (28–29)

Marginalised (413–414)

Chapter 2 (After Kraepelin) covers briefly empathy.

Chapter 16 (Things are much more complex than they seem) covers briefly social isolation.

Watters, E., 2010, Crazy like us London: Constable & Robinson

Empathy (161)

The book has 306 pages and it contains 4 chapters plus an introduction and conclusion. (Unlike all the authors listed in this table, the author is an American journalist. The book concentrates mainly on anorexia, PTSD, schizophrenia and depression and provides information about the cultural expressions of these in numerous countries in the world. It does not address compassion.

Contains information about culture-bound syndrome of depression; diversity of cultural expression of depression, culture sadness, indiums, Islam, cultural-language deficiencies, beliefs.

Gamble, C & Brennan G (2006) Working with Serious Mental Illness 2nd edition Elsevier

Culture (360–369)

The book has 427 pages and it is divided in four sections with 22 chapters. Chapter 3 (Social Inclusion). Chapter 6 (Building Relationship, Lesson to be Learnt). Chapter 19 titled Cultural Issues. Chapter 20 “Ethical Considerations” (mainly about confidentiality and consent).

Ethnicity (360)

Empathy (74–75)

Compassion and mental health (73–85)

Benthall, R. P (2009) Doctoring the Mind: Why Psychiatric Treatments Fail Penguin

Transcultural nursing (29)

The book has 364 pages and it is divided in three parts. Two line reference to cross-cultural psychiatry. Briefly describes Karl Rogers empathetic understanding. The book focuses on mental illness and psychiatric intervention.

Empathy (60–61)